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Is a prerequisite for Europe to achieve its long term sustainability goals, 70Ĭontinuous innovation on energy technologies Setting the Scene: energy technologies in 2030. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Svalbard.2020 for the transition to a decarbonised European energy system by 2050Ģ. Archived from the original (PDF) on Novem. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Isfjord Radio, Svalbard, Norway Sunlight, Cloud & Day length".CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link) "Climate Svalbard Lufthavn (July 2015) - Climate data (10080)". "Fast-Warming Arctic Proves Deadly to Animals and People". "Climate Svalbard Lufthavn - Climate data (10080)". ↑ "Sunrise and sunset times for Longyearbyen".Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help) ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Climate and daylight in Svalbard (Longyearbyen)".Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Source 2: (extremes only), (rain days & snow only) (sun only) Source 1: Climate and daylight in Svalbard (Longyearbyen) Conversely, Longyearbyen, further to the north-west, receives almost twice as much sunshine as Bjornoya. ījornoya (Bear Island) holds the record for the lowest average annual sunshine total in Europe, at just 595 hours, sunnier than some parts of Scotland. The most recent warm spell was at the end of July to the beginning of August in 2015, when the mercury hit 18.0 ☌ (64.4 ☏). Warm temperatures can occasionally occur in Summer. Svalbard has also not recorded a temperature below freezing in July. The climate is known to be warming very rapidly. One example was in February 2012, when the mild temperatures had an affect on both people and wildlife. ĭespite its extreme northerly location, Svalbard has recorded a temperature above freezing in all months. The warmest temperature ever record in Svalbard was an extraordinary 25.0 ☌ (77.0 ☏) in July 1977 and the coldest was a frigid −46.3 ☌ (−51.3 ☏) in March 1986. Snow typically covers the town from November through March. However, due to shading from mountains, the sun is not visible in Svalbard until around 8 March. Svalbard experiences midnight sun from 19 April through 23 August, polar night from 27 October through 14 February and civil polar night from 14 November through 29 January.
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Average summer highs are typically 3 to 7 ☌ (37 to 45 ☏) while average winter highs are −11 to −13 ☌ (12 to 9 ☏). Nordenskiöld Land is the warmest and wettest part of the archipelago, caused by the convergence of mild and humid air from the south and cold air from the north. Svalbard's climate is a combination of an Arctic climate ( Köppen: ET) tempered by the North Atlantic Current. Sixty percent of land is covered by glaciers, and the islands have many mountains and fjords. This protects the fragile natural environment. Seven national parks and 23 nature reserves cover two-thirds of Svalbard. There are also polar bears, reindeer, and mammals that live in the sea. Svalbard is a breeding ground for many seabirds. In summer, the plants grow quickly (one plant every 25-78 days) during the midnight sun. Svalbard Airport in Longyearbyen is the main airport. Instead, snowmobiles, aircraft and boats serve as transport. There are no roads to connect the settlements. Research and tourism are important industries. There are only two mining companies, one Norwegian and one Russian. These treaties also set out rules that economic activities could be done freely and that no military activities can take place. The 1925 Svalbard Act made Svalbard part of Norway. The Spitsbergen Treaty of 1920 states that Norway is in control of Svalbard. Coal mining started at the beginning of the 20th century, and several permanent villages were built. The islands were first used as a whaling base in the 17th and 18th centuries. Other settlements include research outposts, the Russian mining community of Barentsburg, the research community of Ny-Ålesund and the mining outpost of Sveagruva. The government is located at Longyearbyen.
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The islands are governed by the Governor of Svalbard. Spitsbergen is the largest island, followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya. It is about halfway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. Svalbard is a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean.